Zekria Farzad’s school at Moria Camp consists of three one-story classrooms, made from wooden frames covered with tarpaulin, materials purchased mostly by Farzad and his friends, who also laid out patterned rugs on the floor in front of a whiteboard.
Zekria Farzad offers his hand for support to navigate a particularly uneven stretch of ground, slippery from the morning rain, in the middle of Moria — Europe’s largest refugee camp, on the Greek island of Lesbos.
To get to Farzad’s classrooms, visitors must walk up the slopes of an olive grove, following foot-worn muddy paths that snake through a sea of tents. The soft-spoken journalist from Afghanistan, 40, is now the founder of a school.
Farzad established the school less than a year ago after his shock at the lack of learning opportunities in the camp. As more people arrive on the Greek islands seeking asylum, a series of policies have left thousands stranded on the island with severely limited resources, including access to education.
Related: Young migrants and refugees in Greece want to be heard
The school consists ofthree one-story classrooms, made from wooden frames covered with tarpaulin, materials purchased mostly by Farzad and his friends, who also laid out patterned rugs on the floor in front of a whiteboard.
“I think after eating and drinking, the most important thing in our lives is education.”
“I think after eating and drinking, the most important thing in our lives is education, said Farzad, as he looked in on a classroom in session.
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What began as classes under an olive tree, now has over 1,000 students and its own library. The school offers French, Greek, English, German, art and music classes from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m., Monday through Friday. Most of the teachers also live in the camp. Farzad founded Wave of Hope for the Future, a nonprofit organization with a mission to support education in the camp.
Emergency conditions
Farzad arrived with his wife and five young children in February 2019, when their boat from Turkey crashed into the rocks on the island’s coast. His family lost all their possessions — money, passports, documents, phones. “I tried to count them [his children]: one, two, three, four, five,” Farzad said. “After that, I took a deep breath and thank God that my children are alive.” A 10-year-old girl from another family drowned.
Farzad’s family moved into a tent in the olive grove or the “jungle” as it’s known — the sprawling informal settlement outside the official structure of Moria, a former military base. The camp was already severely crowded.
The European Union deal with Turkey deal in 2016 — intended to curb migration into Europe — combined with Greek policies of geographical containment, as well as asylum request backlogs, has led to thousands being unable to move to mainland Greece. Since the summer of 2019, the Greek islands have seen the biggest jump in boat arrivals since 2016.
According to the United Nations High Commission on Refugees (UNHCR) as of Dec. 17, there are now 18,330 people living at Moria and about a third of those residents are children. However, Moria’s capacity is capped at 2,138.
Humanitarian organizations are stretched far beyond capacity. Even before the rise in numbers, Médecins Sans Frontières, or Doctors without Borders (MSF), a medical nongovernmental organization, described the conditions as an emergency.
Camp closures, detention centers
In response to overcrowding, in November the new, conservative Greek government announced plans to move 20,000 people from the Greek islands to the mainland by early 2020 and close the camps on Lesbos, Chios and Samos — replacing them with smaller, closed facilities.
Human rights advocates have long called for the urgent transfer of refugees away from Moira, but many have likened the proposed new facilities to detention centers.
Farzad stressed that people shouldn’t be criminalized for seeking safety. “It’s not humanity,” Farzad said. “We are not terrorists that they are … [going to] make detention and a prison, a jail for us.”
“If this means arbitrarily detaining asylum-seekers — that, the UNHCR is not in favor of, as seeking asylum is not a crime.”
“It depends what the government really means with ‘closed’,” said Astrid Castelein, head of UNHCR’s sub-office in Lesbos. “If this means arbitrarily detaining asylum-seekers — that, the UNHCR is not in favor of, as seeking asylum is not a crime.”
Recently, Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis called for more solidarity from EU member states to help handle the growing migrant crisis. But for the most part, they haven’t done much to ease the burden on frontline countries like Greece, as they deal with an anti-refugee backlash at home.
The November announcement of the camp’s closure comes not long after the conservative government introduced a new refugee law designed to streamline the asylum process. Human rights groups have argued the legislation that goes into effect in early 2020 threatens access to protection for asylum-seekers.
Related: Greece’s new asylum law ‘poses continuous traps’ for refugees
A shelter from trauma
For Farzad, Europe’s absence of human rights commitments was already evident in the humiliation and danger of daily life in Moria. Fires, often caused by overcrowding and poor infrastructure, along with violence and an extreme lack of basic services have made Moria camp a traumatic place to live.
He sees the school as a place where he can make good use of his education and also create a shelter for students. “Children are not safe in Moria,” he said.
MSF has recorded high levels of self-harm among children. Angela Modarelli, a mental health activity manager at MSF’s pediatric clinic in Moria, has seen children with nightmares, sleeping problems, or shifts from normal behavior. Their mental states often deteriorate the longer they stay, Modarelli said.
“Sometimes they draw people without arms. … Which can mean there is no connection there — there is loneliness.”
Sometimes the children articulate their feelings when they play: They draw figures crying or in water, or they make strong, dark scratches on the paper. “Sometimes they draw people without arms,” Modarellis said. “Which can mean there is no connection there — there is loneliness.”
Refugees from Afghanistan make up the biggest group currently on Lesbos and roughly three-quarters of them are granted some form of asylum protection. However, a few weeks ago, Farzad and his family’s application was rejected. He said he doesn’t know why.
“We [were] shocked, actually,” Farzad said. “For [several] days I couldn’t go to school, I couldn’t go to do my work and especially my wife was crying.” Farzad is now working with a lawyer to appeal the decision.
“I left my country that I loved,” Farzad said. “I left my mom and dad, [who] are my life. I left my memories … good memories and bad memories. No one wants to leave their countries.”
A few weeks ago, he and his family moved into containers. It’s a little more sheltered than a tent, but still not fully safe: Last week the family waited outside in the middle of the night as a container went up in flames, killing a 27-year-old mother of three.
As winter settles on the island of Lesobs, Greek authorities are moving more people to the mainland, but they can not keep pace with new arrivals.
Inside one of Farzad’s classrooms, dozens of 10-12-year-olds sit cross-legged, repeating English phrases.
“Do you like learning English?” the teacher asks.
“Yes!” they reply, in cheery unison.
Outside, a pregnant woman stands while her husband hammers tarp into the side of the school wall. Three pairs of children’s shoes sit in front of the zipped door. A hand-drawn poster pinned to the wall offers illustrated instructions on “how to stay dry.”